Bibliography

Bibliographies

Book with one Author

Franke, Damon J. Modernist Heresies: British Literary History. Columbus : Ohio State UP, 2008.


Newspaper

Smith, John. 'The Voyage from England to the New World.' New York Times 25 December. 2011

Weblog

Lomelino, Linda. Call me ''Cupcake, sweet food and photography''. Weblog . blogspot. 30 Apr .2014, Accessed 14 Jun. 2014
http://www.callmecupcake.se/

Brainstorm + Get rid of Assumptions

Cannot Make Decision: What To Eat

There's so much of food around, food venues to choose from, fast-food, traditional food. Burger or Chinese Noodles? Macdonald or KFC? Where to Eat? What to eat? How to make our decisions. Are you rushing; Do we have enough time to make a quick decision admist the racing clock inbetween school/work breaktime. Are there more interesting ways to make our daily choices where to lunch/brunch/dinner? 

Common;

1. Choosing by ethnic Food, e.g Chinese,Indian,Thai

2. By Fastfood chains, e.g Macdonald, Burger King, Popeyes

3. Fastfood or Ethnic : Burger or rice

4. Cravings 

5. Spicy or sweet

Uncommon;

1. Make a Card game; picture cards of both FOOD and FOOD VENUE Double-sided

 - the card picked will be the place to dine and the card determines the food choice also;

example KFC is picked and at the back of the card shows a Bandito pocket meal. A fun card game that makes all the decision for you

2.Follow up a Food Blog/Blogger; 

Gives all the information of the various food around to try by the blogger. It's more of a  personalised compilation and details of the food.

 https://www.facebook.com/EatWhatFoodSingapore?fref=ts

3. Food Magazine;

http://ieatishootipost.sg/2010/12/nan-heng-hainanese-chicken-rice-mom-and.html#more



I Eat, I Shoot, I Post Magazine
Food magazines are very useful and informative on the various food around the country. All the best interesting food in Singapore are introduced in this magazine with the venue. It is also a good way to find out about new dishes/delights that are uncommon and we are unaware about. Some food venues which are unlikely to us, upon reading a magazine with the food review, could particularly interest us to try it. 

A group of friends can randomly grab a magazine from a nearby store,. e.g 7/11 or, cheers and decide to read it to venture out on trying a new gourmet destination with the shown food choices. 

4. Follow link: Page in Facebook/ Twitter;

Facebook has pages created for the fans to follow up by clicking like on the page, e.g Like a page, starbucks. It is also created with the purpose of advertising their outlets and the delights that are appealing to make people patronise.

Upon looking at the advertisement for instance starbucks, an individual/ a group of friends might suggest to go there.


5. Food Applications Android;


Foodspotting, an app created to guide what are the food nearby around you. 
There's many more apps created for food guide.

A group of friends can make a quick search of the various outlets nearby with this application and decide to go to venue. You can also enter choice of food to see the location of the nearby outlets offering it.

Video of how to use foodspotting on youtube
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCr2avRV_fc

6.Purchasing Coupons/Vouchers; Groupon, Deal.com, Q100


 deal.com



There's lots of food vouchers that are hipe on the online  market now for anyone to purchase. Several people are purchasing coupons to get discounts on the outlets/food they are interested in. It's easy and accessible with any android phone!

Step 1: Simply scroll, analyse which food you're interested in (you can simply purchase according to what you would like to eat/ where to lunch/dinner or purchase a coupon according to the area you're at now.)
Step2: Click and purchase the coupon online using credit/debit card.
Step3: Coupon can either be printed or be shown from the phone.

A buffet meal/burger king meal could be bought for 2pax/3pax if a group of friends decide to share money. Or even an individual could get a single meal coupon.
These worthful deals online could make the choice for you What to EAT. 
These mouth watering coupons can give you ideas what to eat by giving the best offers.

7.Food Diaries;
Having a food diary to keep track of what are the food eaten. Keeping a goal as to try many different food around.

8. Food Delivery; 

 Confused what to eat. Simply make a food delivery to school/workplace, e.g pizza

Brainstorming; Existing Problems

Brainstorming;  Existing Problems to deter;
1. Bus-stop/shelter too small
2.Traffic light waiting area too conjested
3. Hawker centre too hot
4. Phone battery dies fast
5. Cannot make Decision: What to eat
6. No 24/7 public transport 
7. Cabfares' too expensive
8. Poor response to Recycling

Stakeholders and Empathy

Stakeholders

1.Tom, 13 years old student,
basketball player in his high school, 
is going through puberty/perspires alot after activity, 
comes from low income family,
wears the same shoes which is torn and tattered;

2. Aunty Ah Su, 55 years old,
rich, wears branded clothes, goes for regular manicure/pedicure
Use branded perfume, Zara
self-centred, vainpot, personal vehicle broke down;

3. Mary, 40years old, train usher
kind-hearted, friendly, helpful
civil servant at SMRT company for over 20years;

4. Miss Susie, 27years old,
Basketball coach in a primary school
pleasant and energetic,- coaches P4 TO P6
does not own a car as she thinks it's not neccesary;

5.Mr Fazil, 43years old,
owner of foodstall and also working in the stall,
friendly but hot-tempered,
owns the food business for over 7 years;

Empathy

I had a busy day in school coaching basketball for my students. After finishing some paperwork at 6.30pm left office to take train to return home. After a few stops later from alighting on the train, a group of teenagers got onto the train. They were students from high school. From the jerseys they were wearing and one of them holding a basketball It was evident they were from a basketball team. As they were making alot of noise, people in the train had their eyes on them. It was a peak hour. And so the train was crowded. The students were perspiring and their shoes were embedded with fresh mud thus giving out unpleasant smell. People who were around them was perturbed by them and were frowning at them. The school image was in jeopardy.

From this experience i learnt that it was important to educate the children about personal hygiene and especially highlight it to them that if being a sport player, extra steps have to be taken to be clean. Most of the time they are unaware of how they smell. And so when I returned to work the next day during my lesson time, as I was concern for my students I decided to make a 2 hours hygiene programme for all students in sports class. During teacher's meeting after having a discussion with the department together with 2 other sport teachers a 2 hour hygiene programme was arranged upon. The motive of the hygiene programme is to emphasize on cleanliness and teach various methods to combat unpleasant smells not only deriving from bodies but also from attires. Furthermore methods to clean the shoes e.g sport shoes. Things that were covered during the conducted programme 1.What items could be brought to use for smelling good, e.g sprays, powder. 2.Always to keep a towel to wipe themselves after game. 3. Methods to keep shoes clean and prevent it from smelling. e.g shoe sprays, drying under the sun. use of insoles. Furthermore, a short brief of what puberty can do, e.g body odours. Lastly, the importance of keeping the school image well by representing oneself with a good image.

Image and Research

image: www.google.com

 Topic: Smelly People in train

  Overcrowding;

 1. Overpopulation in Singapore   

 Singapore is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia. It squares a 137kilometres. The current statistics shows Singapore now currently holds a population of 5.312 million. From 1970 to 2013 Singapore has grown from 2.41million to 5.312 million. One of the reason being, alot of foreigners are brought into our country over the years for economic growth. Thus leading to overcrowded trains 

2. Over-Priced vehicles and COEs

 Personal vehicles in Singapore are extremely over-priced compared to other countries and adding onto it COEs, a high tax that has to be paid to the government. Why? Since our land is small,there are constraints of the roads. SG government emphasizes people on taking public transport instead of owning personal transports,e.g cars,bikes. The idea was to prevent SG roads from getting conjested and from having frequent jams. Making the prices of personal transports high limits the number of people purchasing it, makes our citizens to think twice before purchasing them and also makes it unaffordable at another perception of view. Partly, it is also for economical cause , lesser air pollution and save of fuels.

Cause: About 15percent of the netizens own personal transports , n the rest  85percent has  to commute on public transports, e.g trains.

Source SGCarMart.com : COE for a mitsubishi $62,600

Source bloomberg.com: At S$86,889 ($67,000) just for a permit, the total price of a Volkswagen Passat in Singapore is about the same as the median U.S. metropolitan home.

Solution: COE's has to be lowered or be removed making it easier for people to own a personal transport. Market economical cars to make it affordable for people with lower budgets. It also helps the environment.

3. Highways

There is only 4 highways in SG limiting the amount of vehicles on the road.

Solution: More highways  and roads has to be created for better flow of  traffic and allowing more vehicles to be purchased and utilised.

4. Buses 

 Buses have assigned routes, Sometimes when at a certain area there isnt a bus to go to the designated  area, the next option is to commute in a train.

 Solution: More bus routes should be created for people to commute to various destinations and more double decker buses to hold people.

5. Taxis

   As Taxi fares are expensive, lesser people choose to take taxis. And also sometimes having the  difficulties of catching a cab due to the taxis change of shift, leaves us with  no choice but to take a train.

 Solution: taxi fares has to be decreased and there should'nt be any peak hour charges.

These are all the economical  factors that contributes to causing over-crowded trains, affecting Singapore's mobility. When the train is crowded there is lesser space, people are squeezing for space subesequently making the train become humid, people pespire and start to smell. 

Singapore climate

Singapore is a humid country. The average temperature is between 25 degrees Celsius and 31 degrees Celsius. So when travelling we tend to perspire more.

Solution: improve the air ventilation. Fans in mrt stations which already exists in certain mrt stations.

Singapore SMRT 

1. Mrt's Air ventilation. 

   Air ventilation with aircon is not good enough to absorb the smells;

Forty-eight MRT stations to upgrade ventilation and smoke control

Installation of a S$9.1-M Local Sequential Controller from CNA Group will be completed in 2016.In a release, the S$9.1 million LSC system from CNA Group will continue to ensure that temperature, humidity and airflow at MRT stations are maintained within comfortable and safe levels in both normal and emergency situations

The LSC system monitors and controls two separate systems in the MRT station, namely, the Tunnel Ventilation system and the Environmental Control System. The TLV provides an acceptable ventilated environment within the tunnel for the operation of trains under normal congested conditions and an effective means of controlling smoke flow during emergency conditions.

Source : http://sbr.com.sg/

Solution:  Improve the air ventilation. By improving the air ventilation people who are already perspiring or with some unpleasant smell,. e.g shoes will not linger inside the train. The ventilation and air-con should be able to eradicate the smells.

3. Peak Hours

  Peak hours are parts of the day during which traffic congestion on roads and crowding on public      

  transport is at its highest. Normally, this happens twice a day; once in the morning and once in the    evening, the times during when the most people commute. e.g office hours 08.00hrs and 14.00hrs.

 Solution: Make commuters aware of the peak hours and encourage them to travel during non-peak hours.

4. Security 

Smrt personals has to be vigilant and make sure  people dont break the rules by bringing in foods,. e.g durians,fishes,. or smoke in the vicinities of  the train stations.

Moreover from further research, found to be there are various countries with similar problems, such as Phillipines, China, Tokyo, India and Japan.

Source: google.com
Tokyo, train ushers pushing  the passengers in